1.11 to 1.15 Loksewa General awerness

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Loksewa · PSC Exam Preparation Series

The Loksewa Gazette

Topic-wise MCQs on Management, Public Service, Public Policy, Citizen Charter, Civil Service & Government Financial Administration — with verified answers and short explanations.

This digest compiles Loksewa/PSC-style multiple choice questions across six thematic areas of Nepal's public administration syllabus. Click any option (A–D) to check your answer — the correct choice is highlighted along with a short explanation. Quick-fact items (Parts 3 & 5) use a "Show Answer" button instead, since they have no options. Use the navigation bar above to jump straight to any section.

📌 Note on Part 3 and Part 5: the source material provided full 4-option MCQs for Management, Functional Scope of Public Service, and Planning/Budgeting. For Public Policy and the remaining Civil Service topics, only condensed one-line fact questions were available — these are presented below in quick-fact format rather than fabricated 4-option questions, so every answer here stays true to the source.

01

Fundamentals of Management

45 MCQs

Management thought, motivation theories, leadership styles and organizing principles.

Q1. What is management concerned with?

• AInternal environment
• BExternal environment
• CInternal and external environment
• DNone of the above

Q2. Who is known as the father of Scientific Management?

• AF.W. Taylor
• BFrederick Herzberg
• CLuther Gulick
• DF.W. Sayler

Q3. Who is regarded as the father of Modern Management?

• ALuther Gulick
• BHenri Fayol
• CF.W. Taylor
• DAbraham Maslow

Q4. Who wrote the book General and Industrial Administration?

• AHenri Fayol
• BLuther Gulick
• CElton Mayo
• DF.W. Taylor

Q5. Who coined the word POSDCORB?

• AHerbert Simon
• BHenri Fayol
• CLuther Gulick
• DMcGregor

Q6. Who said "Management is the art of getting work done through people"?

• AAdam Smith
• BF.W. Taylor
• CMary Parker Follett
• DHenri Fayol

Q7. What is the importance of direction in management?

• AClarifies responsibility and accountability
• BBasis for supervision and control
• CMaintains uniformity and clarity
• DAll of the above

Q8. Motivation belongs to which aspect?

• APsychological aspect
• BHuman aspect
• CBoth of the above
• DNone of the above

Q9. Who defined motivation as "encouraging people to work in order to achieve targeted objectives"?

• ADecenzo
• BRobbins
• CDecenzo and Robbins
• DDalton E. McFarland

Q10. Who defined motivation as "the willingness to exert high effort toward organizational goals"?

• ADalton E. McFarland
• BDecenzo
• CRobbins
• DDecenzo and Robbins

Q11. Who stated that motivation relates to the psychological factors that prompt employees to act?

• AKoontz & O'Donnell
• BDecenzo & Robbins
• CDalton E. McFarland
• DNone of the above

Q12. Who proposed the Need Hierarchy Theory?

• AAbraham Maslow
• BKoontz & O'Donnell
• CDecenzo & Robbins
• DDalton E. McFarland

Q13. According to Maslow, which need comes immediately after Physiological Needs?

• ASafety Needs
• BSocial Needs
• CSelf-actualization
• DAll of the above

Q14. According to Herzberg, the second level of wants is called—

• AMotivators
• BMotivation
• CSatisfaction
• DNone of the above

Q15. Into how many parts did Clayton Alderfer classify human needs?

• AFour
• BThree
• CThree (ERG Theory)
• DOne

Q16. Who classified human needs into Need for Achievement, Need for Power and Need for Affiliation?

• ADavid McClelland
• BKoontz & O'Donnell
• CDecenzo & Robbins
• DDalton E. McFarland

Q17. Which scholar developed Expectancy Theory?

• AVictor Vroom
• BKoontz & O'Donnell
• CDecenzo & Robbins
• DDalton E. McFarland

Q18. Porter and Lawler's Model emphasizes—

• APerformance
• BReward
• CSatisfaction
• DAll of the above

Q19. Which is NOT among the 4 M's of management?

• AManpower
• BMoney
• CManagement
• DMethod

Q20. The aspect of management concerned with contextual application is best regarded as—

• AArt
• BScience
• CSocial Science
• DProfession

Q21. Why is coordination necessary in an organization?

• ATo fulfill employees' demands
• BTo fulfill workers' demands
• CTo unite everyone's efforts toward organizational goals
• DTo avoid office work

Q22. Which body conducts overall administrative management inspection in Nepal?

• AMinistry of Federal Affairs and General Administration
• BMinistry of Home Affairs
• CAuditor General
• DPublic Service Commission

Q23. Which is a characteristic of management?

• AGoal-oriented
• BArt, science and profession
• CDynamic process
• DAll of the above

Q24. Who wrote The Wealth of Nations?

• ASujey
• BAdam Smith
• CHenry Gantt
• DF.W. Taylor

Q25. Punishment is what type of motivation?

• AMonetary
• BNon-monetary
• CBoth
• DNone of the above (Negative motivation)

Q26. Factors beginning from the zero level of motivation are called—

• AEsteem factors
• BMotivator factors
• CHygiene factors
• DX factors

Q27. Effects of motivation include—

• AIncreased productivity
• BReduced absenteeism
• CPositive behavioral change
• DAll of the above

Q28. Fear and punishment are characteristics of—

• ADemocratic leadership
• BSituational leadership
• CAutocratic leadership
• DLaissez-faire leadership

Q29. Literal meaning of motivation is—

• ATo work hard
• BTo be eager or willing to work
• CTo provide incentives
• DTo feed workers

Q30. The word "Motivation" is derived from—

• AEnglish
• BFrench
• CGerman
• DLatin (Movere)

Q31. Which sequence of Maslow's hierarchy is correct?

• APhysiological → Social → Safety → Ego
• BPhysiological → Safety → Social → Ego → Self-actualization
• CSafety → Physiological → Social → Ego
• DEgo → Safety → Physiological → Social

Q32. Full form of ERG

• AExistence, Relatedness and Growth
• BEmergency Response Group
• CEmployee Resource Group
• DEnergy Regeneration Group

Q33. Who proposed Theory X and Theory Y?

• ADouglas McGregor
• BMichael McGregor
• CDouglas Della
• DNone

Q34. Theory X assumes employees are—

• ALazy and require close supervision
• BSelf-motivated
• CCreative
• DResponsible

Q35. Which is a principle of organization?

• AGoal attainment
• BMotivation
• CAssigning tasks
• DCoordination

Q36. "Motivation" originated from which Latin word?

• AMotive
• BMotivator
• CMoto
• DMovere

Q37. "Motivation is the process of stimulating people to action" was stated by—

• AM.E. Dimock
• BStahl
• CDalton McFarland
• DNone of the above

Q38. Maslow introduced the Need Hierarchy Theory in—

• A1943 AD
• B1944 AD
• C1950 AD
• DNone

Q39. Which is NOT a function of an employees' union?

• AFormulating plans
• BGiving advice
• CConducting research
• DPaying employees' salaries

Q40. Which is NOT delegated in delegation of authority?

• AWork
• BDuty
• CAccountability
• DAuthority

Q41. Plans help in—

• ADecision-making
• BControl
• CMotivation
• DResolving all disputes (NOT a direct benefit)

Q42. Future course of action is determined by—

• APlan
• BRoadmap
• CLegal provision
• DBudget

Q43. A plan repeated many times is called—

• ALong-term plan
• BStanding (Continuing) plan
• CShort-term plan
• DAll

Q44. Leadership where the leader leaves decisions entirely to followers is—

• ADemocratic
• BAutocratic
• CCharismatic
• DLaissez-faire leadership

Q45. Bureaucracy Theory was proposed by—

• AF.L. Brech
• BMax Weber
• CWoodrow Wilson
• DHenri Fayol

02

Functional Scope of Public Service & Citizen Charter

25 MCQs

Citizen Charter provisions, Good Governance Act/Rules, and the scope of state functions.

Q1. Which of the following are mentioned in a Citizen Charter?

• ANature of the service
• BProcedure for obtaining the service
• CTime required for service delivery
• DAll of the above

Q2. What is the maximum compensation amount fixed by the Citizen Charter with Compensation Directive?

• ARs. 5,000
• BRs. 6,000
• CRs. 7,000
• DRs. 8,000

Q3. Within how many days after delay in service delivery must a compensation claim be filed?

• A1 day
• B2 days
• C3 days
• D4 days

Q4. When did the Good Governance (Management and Operation) Act, 2064 come into force?

• A2064/09/18
• B2064/10/23
• C2064/10/18
• D2064/10/28

Q5. When did the Good Governance (Management and Operation) Rules, 2065 come into force?

• A2064/10/23
• B2065/10/18
• C2065/09/18
• D2065/10/28

Q6. According to the Good Governance Act, who chairs the High-Level Direction Committee?

• AMinister of Federal Affairs and General Administration
• BFinance Minister
• CHome Minister
• DPrime Minister

Q7. Who prepares the working procedure for operating Mobile (Ghumti) Services?

• AFinance Minister
• BMinistry of Federal Affairs and General Administration
• CPresident
• DGovernment of Nepal

Q8. According to the Good Governance Act and Rules, who coordinates the Central Monitoring and Evaluation Committee?

• APrime Minister
• BChief Secretary
• CFinance Minister
• DGovernment of Nepal

Q9. Where should the Citizen Charter be displayed?

• AAt the front of the office
• BAt the rear of the office
• CInside the office at a clearly visible place
• DOutside the office

Q10. Which of the following is NOT mandatory to disclose in a Citizen Charter?

• AType of service
• BResponsible official's name, post and room number
• CWhether compensation is available
• DGrievance-hearing officer's room number only

Q11. If a letter must be forwarded to a higher office, within how many days should it be forwarded?

• A1 day
• B2 days
• C3 days
• D4 days

Q12. If an office can decide a matter itself, within how many days should it be disposed of?

• A5 days
• B7 days
• C9 days
• D10 days

Q13. How many members are there in the District-Level Compensation Determination Committee?

• A1
• B2
• C3
• D4

Q14. Ensuring fair representation of all citizens in political, social and economic spheres is called:

• AInclusion
• BSocial Audit
• CGood Governance
• DCitizen Charter

Q15. Declaring commitment to achieve the highest level of public service is the ________ of the Citizen Charter.

• AObjective
• BGoal
• CFeature
• DLegal basis

Q16. "Functional scope of public services" broadly refers to:

• AThe range of functions, sectors and services delivered by the State to citizens
• BSalary scale of civil servants
• CRuling party ideology
• DNumber of ministries

Q17. Which of the following falls within the functional scope of public services?

• ARegulatory functions
• BWelfare and development functions
• CService delivery functions
• DAll of the above

Q18. Public functions are broadly categorized into sovereign (core) functions and:

• AService-oriented (development/welfare) functions
• BCommercial functions
• CPolitical functions
• DReligious functions

Q19. Which of the following is a sovereign (core) function of the State?

• ADefense, foreign affairs and maintenance of law and order
• BOperating restaurants
• CManufacturing consumer electronics
• DOperating commercial banks

Q20. The main spirit of the Citizen Charter is to make service delivery:

• ACitizen-centric, transparent and accountable
• BRuler-oriented
• CSlow and procedure-heavy
• DOptional and discretionary

Q21. A Citizen Charter mainly strengthens which principle of good governance?

• AAccountability and transparency toward service recipients
• BCentralization
• CPolitical patronage
• DAdministrative secrecy

Q22. The original UK Citizen's Charter was based on six principles. Which of the following is one of them?

• APutting things right (Redress)
• BAdministrative secrecy
• CCentralization
• DPolitical loyalty

Q23. New Public Management (NPM) was introduced by:

• AMargaret Thatcher
• BChristopher Hood
• CRonald Reagan
• DAdam Smith

Q24. "Service First" principles were launched by Tony Blair in 1998. How many principles were there?

• ASix
• BNine
• CTen
• DFourteen

Q25. Which country first implemented the Digital-First Governance Programme?

• ADenmark
• BIsrael
• CEstonia
• DUnited Kingdom

03

Public Policy

11 Quick-Fact MCQs

Concept, process and instruments of public policy — presented as quick facts (full 4-option questions were not available in the source material).

F1. Father of Public Policy

F2. "Government chooses to do or not to do" is a definition given by

F3. First stage of the Policy Cycle

F4. Policy implementation is mainly carried out by

F5. Policy Evaluation comes at which stage of the cycle?

F6. Fiscal Policy is prepared by

F7. Monetary Policy is prepared by

F8. An example of Redistributive Policy

F9. An example of Regulatory Policy

F10. The Public Policy Process (correct order)

F11. Public Policy mainly aims at

04

Government Planning, Budgeting & Accounting System

72 MCQs

Planning bodies, budget types, revenue, expenditure, audit and financial accountability.

Q1. Which institution approves the National Periodic Plan?

• AMinistry of Finance
• BNational Planning Commission
• CNational Development Council (NDC)
• DOffice of the Prime Minister

Q2. The Vice-Chairperson of the National Planning Commission is appointed by:

• APresident
• BParliament
• CGovernment of Nepal (Council of Ministers)
• DPublic Service Commission

Q3. Which type of budget emphasizes economy, efficiency and effectiveness (3Es)?

• ALine-item Budget
• BIncremental Budget
• CPerformance Budget
• DTraditional Budget

Q4. Zero-Based Budgeting (ZBB) was first introduced by:

• APeter Drucker
• BPeter A. Pyhrr
• CHenri Fayol
• DLuther Gulick

Q5. The government budget mainly consists of:

• ARevenue and Expenditure
• BCapital and Recurrent Expenditure
• CFinancing Arrangement
• DAll of the above

Q6. Which expenditure creates permanent public assets?

• AAdministrative expenditure
• BSalary expenditure
• CCapital expenditure
• DOperational expenditure

Q7. Which of the following is a source of government revenue?

• ATax revenue
• BNon-tax revenue
• CForeign grants
• DAll of the above

Q8. Which tax contributes the highest share to Nepal's tax revenue?

• ACustoms Duty
• BIncome Tax
• CValue Added Tax (VAT)
• DExcise Duty

Q9. The fiscal year of Nepal begins on:

• ABaisakh 1
• BJestha 15
• CAshar 1
• DShrawan 1

Q10. Which of the following is NOT a source of public revenue?

• ATax
• BFees
• CGrants
• DPersonal Savings

Q11. Government accounting is primarily maintained for:

• AAccountability
• BFinancial control
• CDecision-making
• DAll of the above

Q12. Which constitutional body submits the annual audit report to the President?

• AMinistry of Finance
• BFinancial Comptroller General Office
• CAuditor General
• DPublic Accounts Committee

Q13. The President submits the Auditor General's report to:

• APrime Minister
• BSupreme Court
• CFederal Parliament
• DNational Planning Commission

Q14. Which committee examines irregularities pointed out by the Auditor General?

• AFinance Committee
• BState Affairs Committee
• CPublic Accounts Committee (PAC)
• DParliamentary Hearing Committee

Q15. Budget implementation begins after:

• AApproval by the Ministry of Finance
• BRecommendation of the National Planning Commission
• CPassage of the Appropriation Act
• DRecommendation of the Auditor General

Q16. Which budget system allocates funds based on expected results?

• ALine-item Budget
• BPerformance Budget
• CTraditional Budget
• DLump-sum Budget

Q17. Which office authorizes government payments through the treasury system?

• ANepal Rastra Bank
• BPublic Accounts Committee
• CFinancial Comptroller General Office (FCGO)
• DAuditor General

Q18. Which principle requires public expenditure to be authorized by law?

• ATransparency
• BEfficiency
• CLegality
• DParticipation

Q19. Mid-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) generally covers:

• A1 year
• B2 years
• C3 years
• D5 years

Q20. Which document legally authorizes government expenditure?

• AFinance Bill
• BBudget Speech
• CAppropriation Act
• DEconomic Survey

Q21. The Finance Bill mainly deals with:

• APublic procurement
• BNational planning
• CTaxation and revenue measures
• DForeign policy

Q22. The Economic Survey is generally presented:

• AAfter the budget
• BDuring the fiscal year
• CBefore the annual budget
• DAfter the Appropriation Act

Q23. Which ministry publishes the Economic Survey?

• ANational Planning Commission
• BOffice of the Prime Minister
• CMinistry of Finance
• DNepal Rastra Bank

Q24. Which of the following is a primary objective of public financial management?

• AEfficient use of public resources
• BFiscal discipline
• CTransparency and accountability
• DAll of the above

Q25. Which organization prepares Nepal's annual Red Book (Budget Estimates)?

• ANational Planning Commission
• BPublic Accounts Committee
• CMinistry of Finance
• DOffice of the Auditor General

Q26. Which document contains detailed estimates of government expenditure?

• AEconomic Survey
• BFinance Bill
• CRed Book
• DWhite Paper

Q27. Which budget is prepared for a period of one fiscal year?

• ALong-term Budget
• BPeriodic Budget
• CAnnual Budget
• DStrategic Budget

Q28. Who is responsible for releasing the approved budget to spending units?

• ANational Planning Commission
• BOffice of the Prime Minister
• CMinistry of Finance
• DPublic Accounts Committee

Q29. Which office maintains the Treasury Single Account (TSA) system in Nepal?

• ANepal Rastra Bank
• BMinistry of Finance
• CFinancial Comptroller General Office (FCGO)
• DAuditor General

Q30. Budget implementation mainly begins after:

• ABudget speech
• BFinance Bill
• CAppropriation Act comes into force
• DEconomic Survey

Q31. Which expenditure is directly related to development projects?

• ARecurrent expenditure
• BAdministrative expenditure
• CCapital expenditure
• DOperational expenditure

Q32. Which expenditure includes salary, pension and office expenses?

• ACapital expenditure
• BDevelopment expenditure
• CRecurrent expenditure
• DContingency expenditure

Q33. Which institution formulates Nepal's fiscal policy?

• ANepal Rastra Bank
• BNational Planning Commission
• CMinistry of Finance
• DPublic Service Commission

Q34. Monetary policy in Nepal is formulated by:

• AMinistry of Finance
• BNational Planning Commission
• CNepal Rastra Bank
• DOffice of the Prime Minister

Q35. Which document presents the government's taxation proposals?

• AEconomic Survey
• BBudget Speech
• CFinance Bill
• DRed Book

Q36. Which budget approach requires every activity to be justified from the beginning?

• AIncremental Budgeting
• BPerformance Budgeting
• CZero-Based Budgeting (ZBB)
• DTraditional Budgeting

Q37. The main objective of budgetary control is:

• AIncrease expenditure
• BIncrease taxation
• CEnsure efficient use of public funds
• DIncrease foreign loans

Q38. Which is NOT a characteristic of a good budget?

• ATransparency
• BAccountability
• CFlexibility
• DPolitical favoritism

Q39. Which of the following is a source of capital financing?

• AInternal loan
• BExternal loan
• CForeign grant
• DAll of the above

Q40. The Mid-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) links:

• APlanning and Budgeting
• BBudget and Performance
• CResources and Priorities
• DAll of the above

Q41. Which institution monitors implementation of national development plans?

• APublic Accounts Committee
• BNepal Rastra Bank
• CNational Planning Commission
• DElection Commission

Q42. Which constitutional principle requires government expenditure to be accountable to Parliament?

• ARule of Law
• BTransparency
• CLegislative Control over Public Finance
• DParticipation

Q43. Which committee mainly reviews budget implementation?

• AState Affairs Committee
• BFinance Committee
• CPublic Accounts Committee
• DParliamentary Hearing Committee

Q44. Which document reviews the economic performance of the previous fiscal year?

• ARed Book
• BFinance Bill
• CEconomic Survey
• DWhite Paper

Q45. Nepal's public accounting system mainly follows:

• APure Cash Basis
• BPure Accrual Basis
• CModified Cash Basis Accounting (MCBA)
• DDouble Entry System

Q46. The Auditor General submits the audit report annually to:

• APrime Minister
• BMinistry of Finance
• CPresident
• DSupreme Court

Q47. Which body scrutinizes the Auditor General's report after it is tabled in Parliament?

• AFinance Ministry
• BNational Planning Commission
• CPublic Accounts Committee
• DSupreme Court

Q48. Which expenditure generally creates fixed assets?

• ASalary
• BPension
• COffice Operation
• DCapital Expenditure

Q49. Which of the following is NOT a function of the National Planning Commission?

• AFormulating periodic plans
• BMonitoring development programs
• CEvaluating national plans
• DAuditing government accounts

Q50. Which institution is responsible for external audit of all government offices?

• AMinistry of Finance
• BFinancial Comptroller General Office
• CPublic Accounts Committee
• DOffice of the Auditor General

Q51. Which institution prepares Nepal's Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF)?

• ANepal Rastra Bank
• BOffice of the Auditor General
• CMinistry of Finance
• DPublic Service Commission

Q52. Which institution coordinates planning and budgeting at the national level?

• AMinistry of Home Affairs
• BNational Planning Commission (NPC)
• CElection Commission
• DPublic Service Commission

Q53. Which of the following is the main objective of development planning?

• AIncrease inflation
• BReduce government control
• CPromote sustainable economic and social development
• DIncrease imports

Q54. Which of the following is a feature of a good budget?

• ASimplicity
• BTransparency
• CFlexibility
• DAll of the above

Q55. Which of the following is NOT a principle of public expenditure?

• AEconomy
• BEfficiency
• CEquity
• DPolitical favoritism

Q56. The main objective of government accounting is to:

• AIncrease tax collection
• BIncrease government borrowing
• CEnsure proper recording and accountability of public funds
• DReduce public expenditure

Q57. Which organization issues accounting standards for Nepal's public sector?

• ANepal Rastra Bank
• BAuditor General
• CFinancial Comptroller General Office (FCGO)
• DPublic Accounts Committee

Q58. Internal audit of government offices is mainly conducted by:

• AOffice of the Auditor General
• BPublic Accounts Committee
• CFinancial Comptroller General Office (FCGO)
• DSupreme Court

Q59. External audit of government accounts is carried out by:

• AMinistry of Finance
• BNepal Rastra Bank
• COffice of the Auditor General
• DNational Planning Commission

Q60. Which committee mainly discusses audit irregularities in Parliament?

• AFinance Committee
• BAgriculture Committee
• CPublic Accounts Committee (PAC)
• DEducation Committee

Q61. Which Act governs public financial procedures in Nepal?

• ACivil Service Act
• BGood Governance Act
• CFinancial Procedures and Fiscal Responsibility Act
• DLocal Government Operation Act

Q62. Which institution prepares the Economic Survey?

• ANational Planning Commission
• BMinistry of Finance
• CNepal Rastra Bank
• DOffice of the Prime Minister

Q63. Which institution publishes the Red Book?

• ANational Planning Commission
• BMinistry of Finance
• CFinancial Comptroller General Office
• DOffice of the Auditor General

Q64. Which budget emphasizes outputs and performance indicators?

• ALine-item Budget
• BTraditional Budget
• CPerformance Budget
• DCash Budget

Q65. The budget is generally classified into:

• ARevenue Budget
• BCapital Budget
• CFinancing
• DAll of the above

Q66. Which institution authorizes the withdrawal of money from the Federal Consolidated Fund?

• AMinistry of Finance
• BFederal Parliament through the Appropriation Act
• CNational Planning Commission
• DOffice of the Auditor General

Q67. Government financial accountability is primarily ensured through:

• AAudit
• BParliamentary oversight
• CFinancial reporting
• DAll of the above

Q68. Which of the following is an instrument of fiscal policy?

• ATaxation
• BGovernment expenditure
• CPublic borrowing
• DAll of the above

Q69. The constitutional principle that no tax shall be imposed except by law is known as:

• AFinancial transparency
• BBudget discipline
• CPrinciple of legality of taxation
• DFiscal decentralization

Q70. Which institution is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the federal budget?

• AMinistry of Home Affairs
• BMinistry of Finance
• CPublic Service Commission
• DElection Commission

Q71. Which of the following is an objective of public financial management?

• AFiscal discipline
• BEfficient allocation of resources
• CEffective service delivery
• DAll of the above

Q72. Which statement best defines a government budget?

• AA record of past government expenditure
• BA report prepared by the Auditor General
• CA financial plan showing estimated revenue and expenditure for a fiscal year
• DA report submitted by the Public Accounts Committee

05

Civil Service — Remaining Topics

20 Quick-Fact MCQs

Additional civil service facts — reservation quotas, tenures, promotion criteria and personnel administration — presented as quick facts (full 4-option questions were not available in the source material).

F1. Father of Civil Service (origin of the concept)

F2. Nepal's Civil Service Act was enacted in

F3. The Public Service Commission was established in

F4. Number of Civil Services in Nepal

F5. Number of Gazetted Classes in Nepal's civil service

F6. Reservation quota for Women in civil service recruitment

F7. Reservation quota for Backward Area candidates

F8. Civil Service Day is observed on

F9. Property details must be submitted by civil servants within

F10. Paternity Leave entitlement for civil servants

F11. Tenure of the Chief Secretary

F12. Minimum age for entry into Gazetted Service

F13. Promotion marks allocated for Seniority

F14. Promotion marks allocated for Performance

F15. The Promotion Committee is headed by

F16. Political activities by civil servants are

F17. Civil servants are ultimately accountable to

F18. The main personnel management agency for civil servants

F19. The "Additional" (Miscellaneous) Group of civil servants belongs to

F20. Public Service recruitment is conducted by

★

Quick Revision Summary — Topic Wise

100 One-Liners

The highest-yield one-line facts across every topic, for a fast final revision before the exam.

🇳🇵 Constitution & Governance

Levels of government in NepalThree

Nepal's Federal Legislature isBicameral

Total Members of House of Representatives275

Total Members of National Assembly59

Minimum age for President45 years

Minimum age, House of Representatives MP25 years

Minimum age, National Assembly member35 years

Chief of Province appointed byPresident

President is elected byElectoral College

Article on State StructureArticle 56

Residual powers belong toFederation

Emergency must be approved withinOne Month

Chairperson of Constitutional CouncilPrime Minister

PSC is mentioned inArticle 242

Auditor General tenure6 Years or age 65

Parliamentary system is also calledCabinet System

Nepal is aFederal Democratic Republic

Federation-Province-Local relationCooperation, Coexistence & Coordination

Number of Constitutional Bodies13

Constitutional Council recommendsConstitutional Officials

🏛 Civil Service

Father of Civil Service (origin)China

Civil Service Act enacted in2049 B.S.

Public Service Commission established2008 B.S.

Civil Services in Nepal11 Services

Gazetted Classes5

Women Reservation33%

Backward Area Reservation9%

Civil Service DayBhadra 22

Property details submitted within60 Days

Paternity Leave21 Days

Chief Secretary tenure3 Years

Minimum age, Gazetted Service21 Years

Promotion marks — Seniority16

Promotion marks — Performance40

Promotion Committee headed bySecretary (MoFAGA)

Political activities by civil servantsProhibited

Civil servants accountable toGovernment

Main Personnel AgencyMoFAGA

Additional Group belongs toMoFAGA

Public Service recruitment byPublic Service Commission

👨‍💼 Public Service & Citizen Charter

Citizen Charter first introduced inUK

Year introduced1991 AD

Introduced byJohn Major

Citizen Charter in Nepal2055 B.S.

Compensation Directive2070 B.S.

Maximum CompensationRs. 6,000

Claim compensation within2 Days

Good Governance Act2064 B.S.

Good Governance Rules2065 B.S.

High-Level Direction Committee ChairPrime Minister

Central Monitoring Committee CoordinatorChief Secretary

Mobile (Ghumti) Service started2063 B.S.

Citizen Charter focuses onTransparency, Accountability & Standards

Citizen Charter should be displayedVisible Place inside office

Public service delivery isCitizen-Centered

📜 Public Policy

Father of Public PolicyThomas R. Dye

"Govt. chooses to do or not to do"Thomas Dye

First stage of Policy CycleAgenda Setting

Policy implementation mainly byBureaucracy

Policy Evaluation comesLast

Fiscal Policy prepared byMinistry of Finance

Monetary Policy prepared byNepal Rastra Bank

Redistributive Policy exampleSocial Security

Regulatory Policy exampleMinimum Wage Law

Public Policy ProcessAgenda→Formulation→Adoption→Implementation→Evaluation

Public Policy mainly aims atPublic Interest

📈 Management

Father of Scientific ManagementF.W. Taylor

Father of Modern ManagementHenri Fayol

POSDCORB coined byLuther Gulick

"Getting work done through people"Mary Parker Follett

Need Hierarchy TheoryAbraham Maslow

ERG TheoryClayton Alderfer

Need for Achievement TheoryDavid McClelland

Expectancy TheoryVictor Vroom

Theory X & YDouglas McGregor

Bureaucracy TheoryMax Weber

Motivation derived fromLatin 'Movere'

Herzberg's TheoryTwo Factor Theory

4 M's of ManagementMan, Money, Materials & Methods

Leadership leaving employees freeLaissez-faire

📊 Planning, Budgeting & Accounting

Chairperson of National Planning CommissionPrime Minister

Periodic Plan prepared byNational Planning Commission

Current Plan16th Periodic Plan

Budget prepared byMinistry of Finance

Budget presented byFinance Minister

Budget presentation dateJestha 15

Fiscal YearShrawan–Ashar

Audit conducted byAuditor General

Government Accounting maintained byFCGO

Audit Report examined byPublic Accounts Committee (PAC)

Performance Budget focuses onResults

Zero-Based Budgeting developed byPeter A. Pyhrr

MTEF period3 Years

Economic Survey published byMinistry of Finance

Red Book published byMinistry of Finance

Largest source of Tax RevenueValue Added Tax (VAT)

Capital Expenditure createsAssets

Recurrent Expenditure includesSalary, Pension & Administration

Treasury system managed byFCGO

A Budget is, in essencean Annual Financial Plan

⭐ Super Important — Most Repeated Loksewa MCQs

• Article 56 → State Structure
• Article 242 → Public Service Commission
• President Age → 45 Years
• HoR Members → 275
• National Assembly → 59
• Constitutional Bodies → 13
• Civil Services → 11
• Women Reservation → 33%
• Citizen Charter → UK (1991)
• Citizen Charter Nepal → 2055 BS
• Good Governance Act → 2064 BS
• Good Governance Rules → 2065 BS
• Father of Scientific Management → F.W. Taylor
• Father of Modern Management → Henri Fayol
• POSDCORB → Luther Gulick
• Maslow → Need Hierarchy
• McGregor → Theory X & Y
• Max Weber → Bureaucracy Theory
• NPC Chair → Prime Minister
• Budget Day → Jestha 15
• Auditor General Tenure → 6 Years
• Public Accounts Committee → Examines Audit Report
• MTEF → 3 Years
• VAT → Largest Tax Revenue
• Fiscal Policy → Ministry of Finance
• Monetary Policy → Nepal Rastra Bank
• Public Policy Cycle starts with → Agenda Setting
• Policy implemented by → Bureaucracy
• Performance Budget → Results
• Zero-Based Budgeting → Peter A. Pyhrr

Compiled for Loksewa / PSC exam preparation. Verify against the latest official acts, rules and circulars before the exam, as some provisions are periodically amended.
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